Scotland 2025: Montrose, Inverbervie, St.Cyrus, Kineff Church

Following our spectacular cliffside hike in Arbroath, we stopped at the coastal port town Montrose before heading to Inverbervie, our final destination of the evening. At the harbour is the Montrose Lifeboat Station which was established in 1800 by local shipowners. The station has a long history of daring recoveries including the rescue of East Prussian brig Henriette in 1872. It is still an active base today and part of the Royal National Lifeboat Institute. There are a pair of sculptures at the harbour including one of “Bamse”, a Saint Bernard deemed a WWII hero when he accompanied his owner, a Captain of the Norwegian Navy, onto the minesweeper warship Thorodd. Registered as an official crew member, Bamse saved a lieutenant from being attacked, and dragged back another sailor who had fallen overboard. Bamse is buried in Montrose with full military honours, a short distance away from his statue. The other sculpture is titled “The Seafarer” by William Lamb (1978), acting as a memorial for past seamen and fishermen of Montrose and Ferryden, the neighbouring fishing village across the River South Esk.

While in Montrose, we had lunch at Roo’s Leap, an Australian-themed restaurant that offers burgers, pastas, salads, grilled meats and vegetarian options. Despite its name and décor, it does not offer kangaroo or any other exotic meats. However, it was fun dining underneath a boxing kangaroo hanging on the wall and seeing the “roo-themed” mobile at the front.  We each ordered an Angus steak sandwich with crispy onions & fried egg served with a small salad and potato chips. The restaurant is attached to and overlooks the historic Montrose Links 1562 Championship Golf Course, one of the oldest links courses in the world, featuring rolling fairways, gorse dunes and coastal views of the North Sea.

After lunch, we crossed the Montrose Bridge over the River South Esk to Ferryden for another short hike. Heading towards the start of the trail, we passed by the remnants of the early 19th Century Ferryden Infant School, established to help educate the children of fishermen’s families, starting from age 3.  Attached to the wall of the school is a bas-relief carving titled “Ferryden Fishwives” also by William Lamb who created the Seafarer sculpture in Montrose. We planned to walk the coastal portion of the Scurdie Ness and Usain Circular Loop, going as far as the Scurdie Ness Lighthouse. Completing the route would involve heading inland through farmers’ fields with a warning to beware of cows and their calves.  I wanted no part of this, so it was just as well that we didn’t have time to walk the entire loop.

Strolling along the picturesque, paved trail towards the lighthouse, we passed by a row of houses that backed onto a sandy beach by the river. Many of the homes had clotheslines with laundry hung on them that ran from their back fences across the beach.  As we rose higher, we had great views of the river and Montrose on the other side.  Ferryden is known for its ancient monuments and navigational aids that assisted in bringing ships safely to shore, avoiding shifting sands and hidden rocks. These include leading lights and beacons as well as a capstan that helps tow stranded ships out of high tides. Fortifications used by Polish troops during World War II still exist along the path. Two concrete pillboxes at the top of the cliffs were built to hold machine guns which had a clear line of fire along Montrose beach. Although overgrown with tall grasses, we found one of them on our walk. A sign indicated that there were other gun shelters including ones built into the cliffs but we did not see those. We did see flocks of black and white birds on the coastal rocks.

The Scurdie Ness Lighthouse was completed in 1870 and guards the entrance into Montrose Harbour from the North Sea. It is 128 feet tall with 170 stairs leading to the top, automated in 1987 and installed with a LED lamp in 2018. “Scurdie” refers to the local volcanic rock and “Ness” means headlands. The tower was painted black during WWII to avoid aiding German bombers. By the lighthouse in bright red letters are the words “BEWARE – COWS & CALVES IN THE FIELD”, validating my decision not to continue the hike!  Nearby is a cairn which was a marker for the “Great Outdoors Challenge cross-Scotland walk” held annually since 1980. Montrose is the official finish point of the challenge.

After our short walk to the Scurdie Lighthouse in Montrose, we continued on to our next destination where we would spend two nights. Inverbervie and Gourdon are neighbouring coastal settlements about 1.6km apart along the North Sea with a scenic coastal path linking the two locations. Inverbervie is a tiny town with population of around 2400 people while Gourdon is a picturesque fishing village. Unfortunately, heavy rain finally caught up to us the next morning so we were limited to the amount of time we wanted to spent outdoors. While we did brave the elements for a bit to complete a portion of a planned hike in St. Cyrus, we had to cancel much of our plans so we missed out on some nice scenery.  But given how tired we were after 16 days and counting into our vacation, it was not the worst thing to be forced into a slower pace.

We were excited about the accommodations that we chose in Inverberbie, which we found on Booking.com. Hallgreen Castle is part of a historic structure dating back to 1376. Records show that it was classified as a fortified 3-storey L-shaped tower house in the 16th century, which fits the Scottish definition of a castle as a defensible noble residence. The older sections, especially the south and east façades, feature thick defensive walls made from harled (mortar mixed with pebbles) rubble stone sitting under a slate roof, rounded archways, turrets, and crenellated edged designs. Further additions were made through the 19th century and today, Hallgreen Castle is run as a bed and breakfast establishment.

Using the GPS in our rental car to locate the property, we were directed to a gated community with the sign indicating “Private Road – No Unauthorised Access”.  At the insistence of our navigational tool, we ignored the warnings and proceeded ahead, passing properties with tall cedar hedges until we finally reached our destination. When we arrived, we found our host Robert up on a cherry picker trying to repair the old roof. The next morning at breakfast, he lamented about all the repairs that such an old structure required and the difficulty of sourcing authentic materials.

We booked a spacious deluxe room with vivid wallpaper featuring a rose motif, a large four-poster bed, plush sofa, wooden wardrobe, and a light fixture hanging from a decorative plaster ceiling medallion. Overall, the décor resembles a modest version of some of the bedrooms we’ve seen in other castles. We ended up spending more time in this room than expected when it rained most of our second day in Inverbervie, but at least it was comfortable. My only issue was that despite the availability of a deep sunken bathtub, I had difficulty modulating the water temperature from the bathtub taps as opposed to the shower head.

For two mornings we were served hearty breakfasts in a quaint dining area. The first morning, we started with fruit and yogurt before being served the full Scottish breakfast. This included link sausage, bacon, a traditional square or Lorne sausage slice made from minced beef and pork with spices, haggis, egg cooked to our preference, tomato, mushroom and a piece of fried tattie (potato). I declined the addition of blood sausage, which Rich ate the first day but passed on the second morning – not our favourite. Our host joked that his dogs would be delighted to get my share of blood pudding. The next morning, I scaled back on the full Scottish, settling for toast with sausage, bacon, mushroom and tomato along with fruit and a muffin and a shortbread pastry. Of all our breakfasts during our Scotland trip, this was by far the most substantial.

Just before we left Hallgreen Castle to head towards our next stop of Stonehaven, our host Robert gave us the tour of the rest of the castle that he had promised when we first made the booking.  While our room was part of the newly added, modern sections of the building, we were shown our hosts’ private quarters which were clearly in the older portions of the castle.  We ascended the clockwise-winding stone “turnpike” staircase surrounded by thick walls with narrow steps and built-in gun slits for defense. At the top of the stairs, we arrived at the grand hall which has wooden flooring made from thick planks, curved stone-lined alcoves and a massive hearth. The room is furnished with 16th century-inspired replicas including a long wooden banquet or refectory table and wooden chairs covered with distressed leather and metal studs. Although mostly covered with plywood painted white, a few areas of the walls have been left exposed so that we could see the original thick stone surfaces. The large bedroom had a timber-wood rafter ceiling that exposed the pitched roof. From the bedroom, you could access small two turrets.

One turret has been modernized and turned into a small tearoom with a round table, two chairs and a tea set.  The other turret is left unfinished so that you can image its original state.  Our host took great pleasure in showing off his collection of replica 16th century arms and armour.  Rich got into character by posing with a kite-shaped heater shield decorated with a white griffin, a steel bascinet combat helmet with visor and a basket-hilt broadsword.  He also inspected a poleaxe with a 6–7-foot wooden shaft topped with an axe blade, spike and fluke hook, as well as a steel-limbed crossbow. Down in the basement, we saw a vaulted storage cellar that once was likely used for storing provisions and munitions.  Having this wonderful tour made our stay at Hallgreen Castle all the more memorable.

On our first night in Inverbervie, we took the short drive to Gourdon to check out the area and have some dinner. Gourdon is a picturesque fishing village built in 1820 on terraces rising up from the shore of the natural harbour. Today, the village maintains its fishing heritage with lobster pots, quayside fish sheds, and smokehouses still in use.  Maritime themed art can be found in murals painted on the walls of buildings and sculptures including anchors, light houses, and a wooden shark.  The harbour also features the Maggie Law Maritime Museum named after 1890s inshore surf lifeboat used to rescue shipwrecked crews, and several fresh seafood eateries.

We selected the two-storied Quayside Restaurant which specializes in fresh local seafood and is known for its stunning harbour views. The bottom level is for takeout while the seated area is up top. It was not busy so we were able to get a seat by the large windows looking down at the marina below and the colourful houses in tiered village in the distance. The restaurant features maritime themed décor including paintings of seagulls, seashells and seaweed, and metal sailboats mounted behind the bar.

Since we arrived in Scotland several weeks ago, I had been trying to order a traditional Scottish soup called the “Cullen Skink”. This is a thick, creamy Scottish soup originating from the coastal fishing town of Cullen in Moray, traditionally made with smoked haddock (finnan haddie), potatoes, onions, and milk. Surprisingly, it was harder than I thought to find this on the menu.  Finally at Quayside, I ordered their version of this soup that they called the “Gourdon Skink” which also added smoked salmon and was served with focaccia bread. It was worth the wait!  We also ordered breaded white fish with a dipping sauce to share and each had the fish and chips for our mains, choosing one with breaded sole and the other with battered haddock to compare.

For our second day in the Inverbervie area, we had planned a long circular hike on the Cliff and Beach Walk in St. Cyrus, halfway between Montrose and Gourdon. This would have included walking along a beach with golden sand backed by grassy dunes before looping back along granite cliffs with coastal paths that run through the St. Cyrus National Nature reserve to get stunning coastal views. Unfortunately, we woke up to a constant rain which was forecasted to last all day, alternating from a sprinkle to a downpour. This would have made it slippery and dangerous to try to tackle the cliffs and wet and miserable to slog along the beach. But given that we needed to leave the area by the next morning, we decided to try an abbreviated version of this hike.  We would take a quick look at the beach and then walk the grassy plains up to an isolated kirkyard that was seemingly in the middle of nowhere, before heading back.

After a very short walk through relatively flat grassland, we arrived at St.Cyrus Nether Kirkyard, an ancient burial ground dating back to 880AD that is nestled at the base of the steep, looming cliffs of St.Cyrus Nature Reserve surrounded by wildlife habitats. The site traces back to the founding of the Church of St. Grig or Ecclesgreig, possibly linked to Pictish worship. Dedicated by the Bishop of St. Andrews in 1242, it served as the Parish’s main church until a new one was built on higher ground in the village of St.Cyrus in 1632.  That led to this kirkyard being named “Nether” meaning “lower”. Unfortunately, no ruins of the church remain but the graveyard is a fine example of early Scottish coastal worship sites that blend history with natural beauty. It is surrounded by a stone walled fence and an iron gate that was locked.  But off to one side were a set of steps that seemed to invite you to access the kirkyard that way, so we did.

The kirkyard features early gravestones that are mostly weathered and difficult to read any inscriptions. You can still barely see former decorations including skull and crossbone motifs on some of the stones.  A spiked metal burial enclosure surrounds the tomb of poet George Beattie, who dramatically shot himself in the kirkyard in 1823 after being rejected by a romantic interest.  A roofless stone structure marks the remnants of the Graham of Morphie Aisle (vaulted chamber), which is the family mausoleum of prominent landowners with a central armorial panel above the doorway featuring the family crest. I read that there were a couple of Viking-era hogback stones in the kirkyard, but we did not spot them.  In one corner is a small rubble-built watch house with a stone stab roof, window and chimney that served as a lookout for grave robbers during the body-snatching era.  We saw examples of this throughout Scotland including kirkyards in Edinburgh.  Even though we were not able to complete our entire planned hike of the area, I am very glad that we got to visit this very unique cemetery with its impressive backdrop.

Since we had to curtail our hike which would have been the main event of the day, we spent the afternoon wandering around the very small main street of Inverbervie. The only attraction that we could find was the Hercule Linton Memorial honouring the Scottish naval architect who designed the famous three-mast British clipper ship “Cutty Sark” in the 1860s.  An exceptionally fast sailing cargo vessel used for transporting tea and wool, the ship is preserved in the Greenwich Maritime Museum in London.  The memorial is a full-scale replica of the figurehead on the prow of the Cutty Sark, depicting the sea witch “Nannie” described in a Robbie Burns poem “Tam O Shanter”.

We did find some places to have a snack and pick up groceries to bring with us on the next leg of our trip the following day.  At the Phoenix Café, we had tea, an empire cookie and a “buttery” (traditional Scottish flakey savoury pastry). Our host at the castle had told us about Irn-Bru, Scotland’s iconic bright orange carbonated soft drink that is sweet, fizzy and fruity, tasting a bit like cream soda. In particular, he told us to go to look for a bottle of Irn-Bru 1901, a special edition that recreates the authentic 1901 recipe that is caffeine-free and sweetened with sugar as opposed to aspartame plus the addition of quillaia extract for a frothy, gingery fizz.  We found a bottle at the local supermarket. We also stopped at Bannerman Butcher and picked up some Scotch Eggs, sausage rolls and a lasagna to bring with us to our next destination in Stonehaven where we had rented an apartment with a full kitchen.

The last piece of advice that our host gave us was to stop in at the church in Kinneff enroute to Stonehaven.  He would not tell us why but said it was a surprise and worth the visit. Kinneff Old Church sits on a medieval site dating back to 1242 when the church was dedicated as a key parish church in the Diocese of St Andrews.  When we arrived, we first came across the Kinneff Kirkyard which has a mix of older 17th to 18th century stone slabs and a section of more recent tombstones.  A few of the newer grave markers had some interesting shapes including one that looked like a butterfly and another shaped as a teddy bear, probably for a child’s grave.  There were also interesting engravings including one with an intricate etching of a Highland cow.

But the surprise that awaited us was to be found inside Old Kinneff Church, which we learned was involved in some significant historical intrigue during the Third English Civil War (1650-1652) when English forces led by Oliver Crowell attacked Dunnottar Castle.  The Honours of Scotland or Scottish Crown Jewels are made up of the gold Crown commissioned by King James V, and the Royal Sceptre and Sword of State which were papal gifts to King James IV. During the war, the Crown Jewels were moved from Edinburgh Castle to Dunnottar Castle for safekeeping, under the watch of Sir George Ogilvie, lieutenant-governor of Dunnottar. When it became clear that the castle would soon fall to the English, a plan was made to save the Honours of Scotland by Ogilvie’s wife Elizabeth Douglas and her friend Christian Fletcher, wife of Reverend James Grainger of Kinneff Church. The Crown Jewels were secretly removed from the castle, hidden within sacks of wool and brought to Old Kinneff Church where they were buried under the floor in various sections of the church. The Honours were kept safely hidden for nine years until after the war when they were returned to King Charles II in Edinburgh Castle.

Today, replicas of the Crown Jewels sit in a display case in Kinneff Church along with several informational plaques regaling the thrilling tale of how they were saved. Two tombs of honour are found on the walls inside the church. One is dedicated to and holds the remains of Reverend James Grainger, who safeguarded the treasures throughout the war. It is ironic that there is no mention of his wife on the tomb since she initially took the risk of escaping with the jewels, but she remarried after the Reverend’s death and is interred elsewhere. The second tomb honours both George Ogilvie and Lady Elizabeth Douglas who were imprisoned by Cromwell’s troops but refused to divulge the location of the Scottish Honours.

A framed copy of a black and white print titled “The Concealment of the Scottish Regalia in the Kirk of Kinneff, 1652” depicts the historical scene of Reverend Grainger and his wife hiding the Crown Jewels in the church. It was created by Alexander Chisholm in the 19th century and is proudly displayed on an easel. On the wall are other versions of the iconic image including a colour lithograph.  A tapestry version hangs in the Smith Art Gallery in Stirling, which we did not have time to visit earlier in our trip.  A crafted representation of the regalia is also on display.

We had already viewed the real Honours of Scotland when we visited Edinburgh Castle.  Next, we would be touring Dunnottar Castle and later Scone Castle where coronations of 38 past Kings had occurred with the monarchs being presented these Crown Jewels. Visiting this innocuous Church where the Honours were hidden and saved from destruction filled in a gap and completed our understanding of their full history. This was indeed a great surprise and well worth the stop.

Scotland 2025: Highlands - Glamis, Arbroath

After spending a day and a half in Stirling, we headed north to the historic village of Glamis to visit Glamis Castle, the childhood home of Queen Elizabeth II’s mother and the birthplace of Princess Margaret. Existing as a castle since 1372 when King Robert II granted the “Thanage of Glamis” to Sir John Lyon, the current Scottish Baronial structures date to early 15th century. The castle has many turrets, a Great Tower, and an L-shaped layout including an inner courtyard. Because we spent the morning and early afternoon in Stirling, we did not have enough time to tour the inside of Glamis Castle, getting only as far as the lobby where we saw a miniature scale model. Instead, we chose to purchase a pass for exploring the extensive grounds and gardens of the estate that covers over 14,000 acres. Along the main road approaching the castle are the bronze sculptures of King James VI in a stole while holding an orb and King Charles I in armor with a sword in his hand. The Great Sundial sits on the front lawn featuring four lion sculptures each carrying sundials in their claws, supporting a tiered base supporting a mathematical shape with 80-84 sundial faces, and topped by the Earl’s coronet. The sundial was commissioned by Patrick, the 3rd Earl of Strathmore around 1675.

Glamis Castle was the inspiration for Shakespeare’s play Macbeth, serving as the fictional home of “Macbeth, Thane of Glamis”.  While there is a real 11th century King named Macbeth, there is no connection to him. Taking advantage of the references by the famous “Scottish play”, there is a Macbeth Loop Trail that features seven intricately carved wood sculptures of depicting key characters and scenes from Macbeth.  Created in 2017 by the art collective Neith Art & Sculpture, the works include renderings depicting the three witches at their cauldron hailing Macbeth with their prophesies, and a prone, dying Banquo whose ghost later haunts Macbeth. Looking closely at the witches, the details of their wrinkly faces and stringy hair are quite impressive.

Other sculptures include a kneeling Macbeth contemplating his misdeeds, Lady Macbeth sleepwalking while holding a candle, a regal King Duncan who is murdered at the castle, Macduff advancing through Birnam Woods towards Dunsinane Hill while camouflaged with boughs of trees, and Macduff beheading Macbeth. The works were made of timber from trees on the estate.

The Italian Garden was designed in 1910 by architect Arthur Castings for Countess Cecelia, maternal grandmother to Queen Elizabeth II. It is designed as a formal Edwardian Italianate-styled garden enclosed by tall yew hedges. It has decorative features such as a Renaissance-inspired parterre with a fan or shell-shaped symmetrical pattern and a stone fountain in the middle while surrounded by low boxwood hedges.  Stone sculptures featuring allegorical or mythological figures can be found along the sides of the garden. A cherubic figure atop a pedestal with lion-headed waterspouts sits at the centre of an algae-tinged circular pool made from green stone that enhances the unnaturally vibrant green colours of the water. Conical-shaped topiary yew trees sit just below the castle which looms above.

A mass planting of a tall variety of verbena forms a blanket of purple, attracting butterflies, bees and other pollinators. Two rows of European beech trees, planted with densely intertwined branches, form a canopied alleyway through the garden. In the spring and summer other flowers including daffodils, rhododendrons and dahlias can be found, creating a "kaleidoscope of colour". A raised terrace with two gazebos and benches provides a peaceful place to admire the natural beauty.

While we would see many kitchen gardens during our driving trip through Scotland, the Kitchen Garden at Glamis Castle was by far the largest and most impressive, with plentiful vegetables growing or ready for harvest.  This 4-acre horticultural area was originally built in 1866 to supply fresh produce for the castle kitchen before falling out of use in 1944.  A major, ongoing restoration project began in 2011, reviving a 200-foot rose walkway, fruit and vegetable plots, pond gardens, a Monet-inspired bridge, a maze, and a games area. Today, there are plantings of asparagus, rhubarb, carrots, cabbage, celery, leeks, beans, squash, aubergine, raspberries, strawberries, and plums.  A variety of apples are grown on “espaliered” walls where trees are trained to grow flat against a wall to maximize sunlight, space and fruit production. The branches are pruned and tied to wires or frames to create the flattened look. The produce is used in the Castle Kitchen Restaurant.

Tucked away in a wooded corner of the property is the Glamis Castle Pet Cemetery, a small hidden burial ground for family pets. Touching tributes on headstones were dedicated to pets and companions including “Happy, our Guinea Pig (1933-37)”, Gemma (1933-1945), Fizz Whizzie (1961-1975), Johnny (1972-1977), Puffin (1967-1982), Charlie (1977-1989) and Hercules (1992-2006) who presumably were dogs. The oldest tomb was dedicated to Dulcibella (died 1896), a horse from the elite calvary regiment “2nd Life Guards”, who was probably stationed or stabled at Glamis Castle.

Also on the property is the “Pinetum”, an 8-acre woodland forest filled with exotic trees planted circa 1870 by Claude Bowes-Lyon, the 13th Earl of Glamis. Found in the woods are towering Douglas firs, Sequoias or Redwoods, Western Hemlocks and ancient yews. We even saw a “monkey puzzle tree” like the one we first spotted in Edinburgh in St.Cuthbert’s Kirkyard. As we were walking through a path, we were delighted to spot a large-horned Highland Cow (“Heeland Coo”) off in the distance. A stone memorial to Princess Margaret (1930-2002) was commissioned by the 18th Earl of Glamis in 2006 to commemorate her birthplace. The area crosses the Glamis Burn (river) via the Earl Michael Bridge, originally built as an ornamental footbridge in 1890. The bridge was reconstructed and reopened by the Elizabeth, the Queen Mother in 1996, connecting the Pinetum to the Kitchen Garden. 

Leaving Glamis, we headed for Arbroath which is a historic coastal town known for its fishing heritage, picturesque harbour, sandy beaches, and dramatic cliffs.  Fishing boats and leisure crafts can be found docked in the marinas.  Along a fence by the harbour, we spotted colourful, knitted figures including a cowboy, scarecrow, and other whimsical stuffed dolls created by the “Woolly Workers” collective as public art displays to promote community spirit and tourism.

For our one night in Arbroath, we chose the Old Brewhouse, a historic 17th century inn and restaurant overlooking the Arbroath harbour.  The décor of the hallway and our room had many nautical references including a display case containing examples of different nautical knots, rooms with names such as “Signal Tower”, and colourful metal sailboats on the wall.  Just outside of the inn, we can see the waves from the North Sea flowing into Arbroath Harbour and crashing against the break wall.

A giant, decorative picture frame draws your attention to one of the prettiest scenes in the harbour and a major attraction of the town. Signal Tower is a historic shore station built in 1813 to support the Bell Rock Lighthouse which sits 11 miles offshore.  It housed the lighthouse keepers and their families as well as shore staff who managed supplies and sent signals to the lighthouse using flags and a copper signal ball. The shore station was decommissioned in1955 due to advancements in technology. By 1974, it was turned into a museum focusing on maritime and Arbroath history including details about the Bell Rock Lighthouse, fishing heritage, smokies industry, and more.  At the end of East Pier is a Watch House that acted as a lookout point where signals were monitored. It has no function today but acts as a scenic and historic landmark harking back to the past.

As we walked around the harbour, we saw many references to the “Arbroath smokie”, which is a whole, hot-smoked haddock that is golden-copper in colour with a creamy flesh.  The haddock is salted for 2 hours, washed then dried for 5 hours, tied in pairs on rods, then hot-smoked over beech or oak in ground pits while sealed with wet jute (natural fibre) sacks for 45-60 minutes.  A “Protected Geographical Indication” status means that the Arbroath smokie must be processed within a 5-mile radius of the town.  Currently about 15 family-owned smokehouses produce them, selling fresh or hot smokies from harbour stalls or supplying them to supermarkets, restaurants, and selling vacuum-sealed smokies online.

We had dinner at the Old Boathouse Restaurant, which resides in Fishmarket Quay where the Harbour Visitor’s Centre can also be found. The restaurant is known for its stunning seascapes and maritime-themed décor. From our window seat, we had a wonderful view of the harbour. The restaurant specializes in fresh locally caught seafood, which we planned to focus our meal upon.

For appetizers, we shared an intensely flavoured lobster bisque and of course, an order of the Arbroath smokie which was served on the bone with hot butter.  For our main courses, I had the medallions of monkfish wrapped with Parma ham, served with olive tapenade, duchesse potatoes and, roasted figs.  Rich chose the Declaration Bake which was a fish pie with flaked Arbroath Smokie and prawns, topped with potatoes and oven baked.

One of the highlights in Arbroath are the ruins of a once significant medieval abbey, located in the centre of the town. Arbroath Abbey was founded in 1178 by King William the Lion for the Tironensian Benedictine monks and dedicated to his deceased childhood friend Saint Thomas Becket. King William himself was buried before the high altar in 1214.  The abbey is famous for being the location where the 1320 Declaration of Scottish Independence was drafted. Today, you can still see much of the red sandstone foundations including the south transept with its large circular window, parts of the choir and nave, as well as the west front with twin towers.  We did not arrive in Arbroath in time to tour the abbey but were able to see it from across the street.

The next morning, we went hiking on the Arbroath Cliff Walk, a scenic coastal trail running along the Seaton Cliffs on one side and the North Sea on the other.  The route spans between the towns of Arbroath and Auchmithie and features dramatic red sandstone cliffs, sea caves, rock formations and arches, blow holes, lagoons and a long beach.  We did not have enough time in our schedule to walk the entire trail and back since the round trip was about 7km. We might have tried to fit it in had the But ‘n’ Ben Restaurant at the end of the trail in Auchmithie been open but it was closed on the day that we planned for the hike. We only went as far as Carlingheugh Bay (about 5.5km) before heading back to continue our journey to the next Scottish town.

The main path along the clifftop is paved and relatively flat with benches along the way to rest and admire the view. It is quite the different story if you want to veer off the trail and head down towards the water.  These paths are unpaved, steep and uneven with loose gravel.  Although they would have let us get closer to some spectacular natural landforms, we did not have proper hiking shoes or hiking poles to give us enough traction and support to attempt this.  We still saw many fabulous sights from the path and admired the intrepid climbers who did make their way down precipitous slopes while navigating sheer drops. The “Needle’s Eye” is natural rock arch formed in the red sandstone cliffs that is part of a collapsed sea cave whose dramatic erosion patterns are visible at low tide.  Nearby, the “Three Sisters” consist of a set of distinct three sandstone sea stacks lined up in a row.

Dickmont’s Den is a narrow cleft formed by the collapse of the sandstone cliffs, forming Dickmont Den Cave, a 505-foot tunnel with multiple entrances, blow holes and a rocky floor accessible at low tide.  The cave is named after a notorious 18th century local smuggler and wrecker who stored his contraband whisky and tobacco there. The Deil’s Heid (Devil’s Head) is a prominent sea stack shaped by erosion. It is clearly visible from the cliff-top path or by kayak. Further along on the trail as we approached Carlingheugh Bay, we unexpectedly came across a mysterious art installation consisting of musical notes attached to a wire fence. Created by an anonymous artist in 2019, the notes depict the melody from “Lord of the Dance”, a 1967 hymn by Sydney Carter set to the Shaker tune “Simple Gifts”.  This whimsical sight was quite the surprise in the middle of the sandstone cliffs and sea views.

Finally, we reached a long, steep flight of wooden steps that would lead us to Carlingheugh Bay. From the top of the stairs, we could see the long, curved stretch of beach made of sand and pebble that stretches from the Three Sisters to the South towards dramatic cliffs and caves to the north.  When we descended the staircase, we came to “Castle Gate”, another tunnel-like arch formed by erosion.  This time, we could get close enough to the passageway to see the different layers of sedimentary rock formed over millions of years and watch the waves of the North Sea lapping in. This is the point that we decided to turn around and retrace our steps, rather than continuing on across the long beach.

In addition to the stunning rock formations offset by the magnificent sea views, we also came across various types of wildflowers and wildlife including butterflies and insects along the cliff path and colonies of seabirds down by the water. At one point we spotted what looked like a mini war memorial with a small metal sculpture, a stamp depicting a soldier and poppies, and painted rocks. This hike was the highlight of our driving trip and we were so lucky to have a bright, sunny day for this trek. It would have been a much different and more dangerous experience had it been raining. It was quite windy up on the cliffs and I regretted not bringing sunglasses, not for the sun but more to protect my eyes from the wind.

Scotland 2025: Highlands - Falkirk, Kelpies, Stirling

After spending 7 days in Edinburgh and 4 days in Glasgow, our visit to Scotland was half over. We had front-loaded our stays in the country’s two largest cities so now for a change of pace, we would rent a car and explore the areas of Scotland to the north. Since we prefer creating our own adventures rather than following the beaten path, we decided not to head west to traverse the North Coast 500 or visit the Isle of Skye. This route would have involved significantly longer stretches of driving between destinations with our time spent predominantly outdoors, leaving us at the mercy of any inclement weather.

Instead, we planned a route along the east coast, intending to go as far north as Aberdeen before heading west into the Scottish Highlands and then south back towards Edinburgh.  This would provide us with more eclectic experiences as we toured smaller towns, fishing villages, castles, cemeteries, sculpture gardens and museums while still enjoying outdoor hikes along cliffs, coastal shores, beaches and forested areas. On average, each day’s drive would be at most 1-2 hours, resulting in less time in the car and more time to enjoy our surroundings. Our first day on the road would take us to Falkirk and The Kelpies before ending up in Stirling.

Just over half an hour north-east of Glasgow is the Falkirk Wheel, a gigantic (115ft / 8-storey-tall) rotating boat lift that can raise and lower boats by almost 80 feet, spanning the elevation difference between the Forth and Clyde Canal at its lower basin and the Union Canal up above. Open in 2002, it is the only rotating boat lift of its kind in the world and resembles a ship’s propeller. Each arm of the wheel holds a water-filled container of about 500,000 litres.  When a boat enters a container either at the top or bottom of the wheel, the appropriate amount of water displaces, maintaining the weight balance between the two arms. A central motor causes the arms to rotate around a central axle, taking 5 minutes to complete a half rotation which brings a boat from top to bottom or vice versa. Prior to the creation of the wheel, it took boats almost a full day to traverse 11 locks in order to make the journey between these two canals. In addition to being an engineering feat to be marveled, the Falkirk Wheel is a major tourist attraction drawing over 500,000 visitors annually. It is free to watch the wheel turn but costs £4 for parking and around £18 per adult to take a 60-minute boat ride along the two canals via the wheel.

From the Falkirk Wheel, it is about a 15-minute drive to Helix Park to see the Kelpie Horses, two monumental steel sculptures of Clydesdale draught horse heads situated by a pool of water. Each horse stands almost 100 feet high and weighs over 300 tonnes. The sculptures were unveiled in 2014 as a tribute to Scotland’s industrial history of using horses to pull barges and wagons along canals. They honor the mythical Kelpie, a shape-shifting water spirit from Scottish folklore that is said to haunt rivers and streams in the shape of a black horse, luring a victim onto its back before drowning him. Along with the wheel, these horses are yet another fun tourist attraction to visit in this area.

In addition to the Kelpie Horses, Helix Park offers play areas, sensory gardens, splash pads and a 350-hectare greenspace with extensive walking rails through wetlands, woodlands and parklands.  Some of the trails have wide, wooden accessible boardwalks.  On our short walk, we spotted wildlife such as birds, ducks and a swan, a houseboat named “Annie D”, zigzag paths, and artwork including an owl in flight made from pieces of wood, and carvings in stone.

Continuing on, we headed for the city of Stirling where we would be spending the night. Our first stop when we arrived was the National Wallace Monument.  The structure was built in 1869 as a tribute to Sir William Wallace, the 13th century Scottish hero famous for victories in the First War of Scottish Independence including the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297. The 220-foot-tall Victorian tower sits atop Abbey Craig Hill, overlooking the sites of these battles.  Getting to the base of the tower from the carpark involves a 20+ minute walk up a steep uneven path called Wallace Way, or taking a free shuttle bus that leaves every 15 minutes.  After grabbing a quick lunch in the cafeteria, we decided to take the shuttle bus to the top to get a closer look at the monument and then walk back down on a separate trail where sculptures could be found along the route.

The ornate monument consists of a polished sandstone tower with Gothic revival features including several small turrets and a stone spire shaped like a crown.  A bronze sculpture of William Wallace depicted in a heroic pose stands at one corner of the tower while a large coat of arms with heraldic details attributed to him hangs above the entrance. Inside, paid visitors can climb 246 spiral steps to explore exhibits at different levels including a Hall of Arms, Hall of Heroes and Royal Chamber. The crown-shaped platform at the top offers a panoramic view of Stirling and the surrounding areas. Outside at the base of the monument, a costumed interpretive actor brings Wallace’s story to life through scripted shows describing his background and battles. Since we arrived in Stirling late in the afternoon, we decided that we didn’t have enough time to climb the tower, choosing instead to enjoy the sculptures and statues found on the walk down.

We still had some stunning views at from the top of Abbey Craig Hill.  Out in the distance, we could see Stirling Castle which we had tickets to visit the next day. We also saw the curvy River Forth weaving through the countryside. Looking at the site map, we saw that there were four possible walking paths with two traversing the grounds around the monument and two leading back down to the car park. The Stirling Trail is a 1.5km loop providing panoramic views of the city while the Abbey Trail is a 2km trail that runs deeper into wooded areas.  The Wallace Way is the fastest route between the monument at 0.5km and the car park.  We chose to take the Woodcarving Trail, a steep 0.8km path that winds through forested areas where cedar wood carvings are interspersed.

Installed in 2017, the wood sculptures were created by Scottish chainsaw sculptor Iain Chambers who is renowned for his large-scale outdoor wood carvings found across Scotland.  These works reference various periods in the history of Stirling and Abbey Craig with references ranging from the Ice Age through to early 20th Century.  Because we walked down the hill as opposed to walking up, we came across the sculptures in reverse chronological order.  There was a tribute to Scotland’s first flight by the Barnwell Brothers in 1909, a replica of the Wallace Monument from 1869, and busts of poet Robert Burns next to King Robert the Bruce. A bench with the headless bodies of a Roman, a Pict and a Viking represent various invaders of Scotland. Another sculpture depicts a metal worker forging bronze and gold around 2000BC. Carvings of a Highland cow, a pig and a sheep represent farm animals kept for meat, milk, wool and leather as far back as 3800BC, while the carving of a whale harks back to whale bones from 5000BC.

Driving towards Stirling’s old town from Wallace Monument, we passed by the location of the Old Stirling Bridge located on the site of William Wallace’s famous battle in 1297. The current picturesque stone bridge with four arches dates back to the 1400s, replacing the narrow wooden bridge where Wallace and his soldiers defeated English troops led by the Earl of Surrey.

A short distance from the bridge are the ruins of Cambuskenneth Abbey, which King David I established in 1140 for the Arrouaise religious order. This is where parliament met in 1312 after the Battle of Bannockburn, and where the royal house of Stuart was established in 1371. The main church was mostly destroyed during the Scottish Reformation in 1559. Only some brick foundations remain including small portions of the nave, cloister, refectory and chapter house.  These are dispersed around a large grassy span representing the former footprint of the Abbey, beside a small kirkyard with a collection of medieval grave slabs.  King James III, who died in 1488 after the Battle of Sauchieburn, was originally interred by the high altar of the abbey beside his queen Margaret of Denmark who died in 1486.  In 1864, Queen Victoria ordered that their bones be excavated and reburied within a railed enclosure at the east end of the ruins, where a stone tomb with the crest of the Royal Arms of Scotland acts as a monument.

Above ground, a free-standing 13th century 3-storey belltower may have survived because it was useful as a lookout over Stirling. The tower was restored in 1865 but the grotesque carved heads below the parapet may date back to the 1300s. The belltower is only open in the summer months, so we were lucky that we visited the ruins on the last day of August and were able to look inside. The ground floor is relatively well persevered with a vaulted ceiling that has a central hole used to hoist bells to the belfry. In addition to the belltower, a stone arch representing the abbey’s west doorway stands in front of the kirkyard.

Leaving the abbey, we finally reached the central part of downtown Stirling.  On Corn Exchange Road, we passed the bronze statue of Rob Roy McGregor, the famed 18th-century Scottish outlaw and folk hero known as the Scottish Robin Hood. We parked our rental car across from the old Gothic Revival-styled high school open in 1854 with an observatory tower and an ornate 16th century doorway that is flanked by carvings of zodiac signs on either side.  Above the entrance are carvings of the Trees of Knowledge and Life.  The building was converted into the Stirling Highland Hotel in 1990.  A unique building known as the Athenaeum was originally open in 1817 with elegant shops on the ground floor, a private library and meeting space for the town’s wealthier residents on the next level, and a steeple with a clock tower in the centre.  In 1859, a porch and statue of William Wallace were added to the entrance.  Today it is a cultural landmark but the interior is no longer in use.  The Stirling Arcade is a beautifully restored Victorian shopping arcade on King Street that was originally the Crawford Arcade built in 1879 for China merchant William Crawford.  In the 19th century, it housed hotels, shops, flats, workshops and the Alhambra Theatre.

Following our quick tour of the outskirts of Stirling and the areas known as “Top of the Town” surrounding the medieval Old Town (which we would visit the next day), we stopped for dinner at Brea Scottish Restaurant, a popular eatery specialising in Scottish cuisine and locally sourced seafood.  Focusing mostly on seafood, we ordered a starter of slow braised pork belly and king prawns served with celeriac puree and Parma ham. For mains we concentrated on seafood, selecting pan fried lemon sole fillets with potato and greens served with mussels, crayfish, and a garlic cream sauce, as well as a rolled haddock stuffed with smoked salmon and mash potato, served with seasonal vegetables and a dill cream sauce.  Because Stirling was one of the larger cities that we would be staying at on our road trip, we stopped a big Sainsbury supermarket and loaded up on fruit and snacks that we could take along with us to as breakfast and snacks for the next few days. We stayed overnight at the Marston’s Highland Gate Inn which was just outside the downtown core.

We had a packed schedule the next day since we needed to complete our exploration of Stirling before heading to the village of Glamis (1.5 hrs northeast) to visit Glamis Castle. Once done, we would finally head to the coastal fishing village of Arbroath where we would stay overnight.  As we had so much to get through in the day, we wanted to get an early start so that we could wander around Stirling’s medieval Old Town before our 10am entry to Stirling Castle. It was not clear how early we could get into the parking lot at the castle and were warned that the lot filled up quickly so we might not get a spot at all. As an alternative, we decided to park for free at the Castleview Park & Ride which opens at 7:30am. From there, we could take the P2 bus to the Old Town. The ride takes 5-10 minutes and the bus comes every 15+ minutes at a cost of £1 per person for a return trip. This ended up slightly cheaper than the £5 it would have cost us to park in the castle lot and allowed us to get an earlier start.

Perched on Castle Hill, Stirling’s Old Town features steep, narrow, cobblestoned streets with many historic buildings including Stirling Castle at the top of the hill, dating back to medieval times. Prior to our entry time for the castle, we wandered around looking at some of the other buildings in the Old Town. A stone structure built in 1929 as the “Stirling Boys’ Club” was created as a recreational and development space for boys not already associated with Scouts organizations.  Above the door is a shield with the St. Andrew’s Cross and the words “Boys Club”, “1929” and “Play the Game” while on either side are crests of an anchor and a fleur-de-lys.  Other mottos including “Keep Smiling” and “Quarreling is Taboo” are found beneath other windows. Today, the historic building is used as a generic community space.  The Stirling Old Town Jail was built in 1847 and in use up to 1888 when it was converted to a military detention barracks until 1935. This “newer” jail replaced the 1703 Tolbooth, which had been dubbed “Britain’s worst prison” for its overcrowding and filth. Today, the Town Jail is open for public tours while the Tolbooth operates as a music and arts venue.  Mar’s Wark is a Renaissance ruin built in 1570 as the townhouse and lodgings of John Erskine, Earl of Mar and Regent of Scotland.  At the Cambuskenneth Abbey the day before, we had read that stones from its ruins were used in the building of Mar’s Wark. By 1733, the building was leased to Stirling’s town council and turned into a workhouse, thus giving it the name “Wark” (meaning work).  The building was damaged during the Jacobite Rising in 1745.

Located just south of Stirling Castle, the Church of the Holy Rude (often spelled "Rood") dates back to the 1400s, replacing an original church founded by King David in 1129.  Named for the Holy Cross, the medieval church with an oak roof and Gothic arches was built in Scottish-Gothic and is the location where King James VI was coronated in 1567. The church sits on the grounds of the historic old cemetery named Holy Rude Kirkyard, which is clearly visible from the Stirling Castle’s outer walls and ramparts. The cemetery was established in the 12th century and became the town’s main burial ground from 1400s through 1850s.

Two major monuments of note stand out in the kirkyard. The Star Pyramid (also known as Salem Rock or Covenant Monument) is a gigantic sandstone pyramid dedicated to Scottish martyrs fighting for civil and religious liberty, including the Covenanters massacred in the 1600s. The stepped base leads to marble bibles affixed to each triangular side, as well as motifs of rosettes, thistles and crowns. Psalm verses and mottos such as “Throne of Right” are carved into the top of the base.  The marble figures encased in an octagonal glass and iron canopy in the Martyrs Monument depict an angel guarding two females with a lamb at their feet.  The monument commemorates a pair of Covenanters who were convicted and drowned for their Presbyterian faith in 1685 during the Killing Times. Another point of interest in the cemetery is the tomb of Mary Stevenson whose corpse was stolen by a local gravedigger just a few days after she was buried in 1822. The theft was discovered before the body could be sold to a medical student to use for dissection. Mary’s remains were recovered and re-buried with a new specially carved headstone that depicted the body snatchers in action, acting as a warning and becoming a local curiosity.

Stirling Castle is one of the largest and most historically significant castles in Scotland with its origins dating back to 1110 when King Alexander I dedicated a chapel on the site.  Building of the castle continued through the centuries with most of the current surviving Renaissance structures dating back to the 15th and 16th centuries.  Situated at the top of an extinct volcanic crag, its elevation and sightlines of the surrounding areas made it a strategic stronghold that played a major role in battles and sieges during the Wars of Independence. The castle served as both a military fortress and a principal residence for Scottish royalty, especially during the Stuart era. Viewing the façades of the castle from afar, you can see the grey sandstone 14th century structures which include outer defences, military barracks and service buildings, while the yellow structure houses the Royal Palace including the royal apartments, a Great Hall, and a Royal Chapel.

Today, Stirling Castle is accessed from the south via the “Forework Gateway”, an arched passage flanked by two smaller pedestrian entranceways commissioned by King James IV in early 1500s. On either side of the entrances are semi-circular decorative drum towers used for ceremonial purposes as opposed to defence.  On the esplanade leading up to the gateway are two sculptures, one of Robert the Bruce, King of Scots from 1306-1329 and one of a Highlander soldier that acts as a war memorial commemorating the Second Boer War.

As there was a threat of rain that morning, we tried to explore the grounds and walls of the castle before heading indoors. We started with Queen Anne’s Garden, a large rectangular flat green space dating back to 1400’s that includes several rose beds, one red and one gold to match the castle’s main decorative colours.  In the 1620s, the leveled land was used as a bowling green and in 1700s, the garden was named after Queen Anne, the last Stuart monarch of England, Scotland and Ireland. Castle walkways and battlements overlook Queen Anne’s Garden as well as surrounding landscapes that include the King’s Knot, an octagonal mound 3 metres high in the shape of a star pattern and a smaller Queen’s Knot beside it, that is mostly flattened today.

Walking along the inner walls and parapets, we saw gun ports and peepholes for defensive firing during sieges, and small round “pepper-pot” gun turrets or towers that housed sentries who could spot approaching enemies and sound the alarm to raise the drawbridge. From the walls, you get excellent views of the surrounding countryside including important sites in Scottish history during the Wars of Scottish Independence. On the East Wall, you look towards the River Forth and Stirling Bridge where William Wallace and Andrew Moray ambushed the British led by King Edward I in the Battle of Stirling Bridge (1297).  Abbey Crag and the Wallace Monument can also be seen in this direction where almost 10,000 hidden spearmen charged downhill, thus attacking the enemy from both sides of the bridge. On the South Wall, you look onto Stirling Old Town including the Cemetery and Church of the Holy Rude to the South. But 4km further south is the village of Bannockburn which was the site of the Battle of Bannockburn (1314) where Scottish King Robert the Bruce led his forces against King Edward II.

The Royal Palace was constructed in the 1540s for King James V and is known for its Renaissance architecture and lavish interiors. This was also the childhood home of Mary, Queen of Scots. Restoration work ending in 1999 restored the yellow façade as well as the crenellated parapets, turrets, battlements and heraldic decorations. Stone statues lining the palace walls carvings of soldiers, King James V, the devil, Saint Michael, the Greek Goddess Venus, and other planetary deities.  Inside the palace are separate apartments for the King and the Queen, each with an outer chamber, inner chamber, and state “bedroom”.

The Queen’s Rooms form private apartments that have been restored to how they were in the 1540s when King James V’s second wife Mary of Guise (the mother of Mary, Queen of Scots) occupied them. The Outer Hall was a waiting area for people seeking an audience with the Queen. It has a coffered wood ceiling and two bands of red and white friezes decorated with images of cherubs and unicorns.  Above the fireplace is the heraldic coat of arms of Mary of Guise featuring a shield flanked by a unicorn and an eagle. The Inner Hall is a smaller private space for more personal meetings. The panels in the green and beige coffered ceiling alternate between the symbol “IM” which is a Latin symbol for James V, and small portraits of James and Mary. Seven replicas of a famous series of tapestries titled “Hunt of the Unicorn” hang on the walls. We would see an exhibition later that detailed the labour-intensive project to reproduce these works. A canopied regal chair is positioned at the back of the room where the Queen would greet her visitors. Finally, the Queen’s Bedchamber was an exclusive room for the most honoured guests or for state business.  A four-poster state bed is merely symbolic as the Queen actually slept in a small room nearby.  Gold leaf designs bearing the Guise arms are painted on the green paneled ceiling and the walls are covered with brocade while small Persian rugs are found on the floor.

The King’s Rooms are symmetrical to the Queen’s rooms, mirroring each other in layout and function but differing in décor.  The Outer Hall is where courtiers wait for an audience with the King with the staff deciding who would be invited into the next room. A banner of grisaille painted lions and leaf-like designs circle the top of the walls while the panel above the fireplace depicts a shield with the red lion of Scotland with unicorns bearing pennants on either side. The Inner Hall is notable for the 37 vibrantly coloured replicas of the iconic Stirling Heads on the ceiling, installed during a 2011 restoration. These are round, oak medallions carved with portraits of Scottish royalty and nobles, as well as Roman Emperors, classical, biblical, and mythical characters.  We would see some of the original medallions in the Stirling Heads Gallery.  The King’s Bedchamber (once again with a symbolic bed) is decorated with a gold-leaf ceiling with royal symbols, coats of arms and chivalric orders like the Thistle.

Out of the original 56 Stirling Heads medallions carved in oak and brightly painted in the 16th century, only 38 survived a roof collapse in 1777.  Of those surviving roundels, 35 are on display in the Stirling Heads Gallery while 3 are in the National Museums of Scotland. Although they have lost their bright painted hues, the original, intricately carved, 1-metre-wide medallions seem in incredibly good shape. They depict subjects including royalty such as James V, Mary of Guise, Margaret Tudor, Roman emperors including Julius Caesar, classical and mythical characters including Hercules, King Arthur, Alexander the Great, Charlemagne and Gods such as Apollo.  These heads are considered some of the finest examples of Scottish Renaissance woodcarving. A striking sculpture created by woodcarver John Donaldson as part of the 2011 restoration, depicts a moment of intimacy between King James V and Queen Mary of Guise, surrounded by imagery that illustrates their status including the lion and unicorn, Scottish crown, and characters from the Stirling heads.

The Great Kitchens feature life-sized dioramas recreating medieval scenes of staff preparing for royal feasts with dishes featuring roast pig, venison and swan, as well as daily fare involving baking bread, preparing stews and pies. The displays include authentic replicas of kitchen tables, utensils and tools, open fires in massive stone hearths with turnspits rotating entire animals, cast iron pots hung over flames for boiling and stone ovens for baking.  Walking through these scenes provide visitors an immersive experience of 16th century life from the perspective of the kitchen staff.

Built by King James IV around 1500, the Great Hall is one of the largest medieval banquet halls in Scotland at 138 feet long by 47 feet wide. At the time, it was decorated with a hammerbeam timber roof, bright yellow limewashed walls with decorative trim, tall windows featuring coats of arms, and five fireplaces. The space served as a grand venue for banquets, dances, and parliamentary meetings. The roof, fireplaces, and much of the decorations were removed in the 1800s when the army took over the castle and used the hall as barracks. A 30-year project ending in 1999 architecturally restored the space to much of its former glory although currently it remains unfurnished.  The current Chapel Royal was rebuilt by King James VI in 1594 for the baptism of his son Prince Henry, making it one of the first Protestant churches. You can still see a frieze encircling the top of the walls depicting royal symbols, Honours of Scotland, stylized fruit, and a trompe l’oeil window. Tall arched Renaissance windows lead up to a barrel-shaped ceiling.  Like the Great Hall, this space was also stripped of much of its glory when taken over by the military.

We left the Royal palace to walk along the outer walls that were enhanced in the 18th century to include ditches, caponiers (covered areas for firing weapons) and casemates (vaulted chambers) for garrison protection during attacks.  We visited the main guard house and cells for disciplining soldiers or holding political prisoners.  In the Nether Bailey’s Studio at the farthest end of the castle walls was an exhibition detailing a 14-year (2022-2015) £2 million project called “Weaving the Unicorn” where 18 current day weavers recreated seven Unicorn Hunt tapestries once hung in the palace during King James V’s reign.  The recreated tapestries now hang in the inner hall of the Queen’s apartments. 

After our tour of Stirling Castle, we had a quick bite to eat in the café before heading off to our next adventure in the village of Glamis. We left with some regret since in retrospect, we did not have enough time to see everything that we wanted to in Stirling and could have used one more day here.